贬值用英语怎么说

1. 贬值用英语怎么说

贬值    
[词典]    depreciation; depreciate; devalue; devaluate;    
[例句]我们不会让英镑贬值，这一点我已经说得很明白了。
We are not going to devalue the pound. I have made that crystal clear.

2. 贬值的英语是什么

贬值的英语是
devalue

depreciate

devaluate

3. 人民币兑美元汇率或将贬至7.2 英语怎么说

人民币兑美元汇率或将贬至7.2
RMB against the U.S. dollar or to 7.2
The RMB exchange rate against the dollar will depreciate to 7.2 
The RMB exchange rate against the dollar or will be relegated to 7.2
The RMB exchange rate against the dollar or will be demoted to 7.2
The RMB exchange rate against the dollar or demoted to 7.2

4. 关于汇率方面的英文翻译

除了赚取货币形式申办/提供蔓延,外汇交易商试图获利预测正确的方向,未来货币流动. 如果一个交易商花旗银行预期日圆欣赏(加强)美元. 经销商可能提高利率,并提供了成功,试图说服其他经销商出售给花旗银行,阻止日元其他经销商购买日元从花旗银行. 银行交易,购买多日元比出售. 如果日元对美元的预测表示,花旗银行可以销售商币,赚取较高利润. 反过来说,如果经销商花旗预期日圆贬值是对美元(减弱),经销商会以较低的利率和提供. 这样使销售和购买行动鼓励;日元的交易,更不愿买卖. 如果日元贬值预期,日圆回商可以以较低的价格购买中获利. 4、如果汇率朝着理想的方向,外汇交易赚取利润. 但是,如果外汇市场产生失败者朝相反的,出人意料的方向发展. 限制外汇市场交易可能造成的损失,银行对金融交易限制的成交量. 经销商受持仓限额规定的数量比买卖可以进行特定货币. 虽然银行保持正式的限制,但有时形式非法交易活动,吸引了巨大的损失超过持仓限额. 由于外汇管理部门正在考虑将银行利润中心,经销商压力产生可接受回报率银行的资金投入这项活动.   5、包围闪光货币价格,电话铃声,尖叫商人,他认为弗雷德提供一张用经济分析人士预测货币汇率. "他们可能是对的,"他说,"但他们也不知道如何拉动扳机"他知道. 27岁那年,他是汉诺威信托制造公司'最高英镑交易. 昨天上午,他仅约$500万英镑交易,不知进出市场的100倍. 为政元,他买了. 它撤退,他卖. "朝雇佣军士兵的命运,"他说. "我们没有任何关系. 我们为银行"货币交易时高. 作为政治家,具体怎么做就Dicker美元,年轻商人在世界排名30至50岁的银行进行日常管理的货币Marke

5. 急急急，请各位英文高手大侠，帮帮忙翻译啊

Since the end of 2000, the U.S. dollar against the euro depreciated by about 40%, against the Japanese yen also depreciated by nearly 16 percent, making the yuan pegged to the dollar and the world's major currency devaluation in fact, also indirectly, although such an increase of Chinese goods in the international market price advantages, but also exacerbated the country and the world's major trade friction, sparked controversy over the appreciation of the renminbi. July 21, 2005 People's Bank of China announced approval of the State Council, since July 21, 2005 onwards, China began to implement the basis of market supply and demand with reference to a basket of currencies, a managed floating exchange rate system, the yuan against the U.S. dollar appreciation of the exchange rate has been nearly three years in a row 20%. On the current situation, the United States, the European Union and other major countries in the world financial system instability, increased risk of economic recession. Accounted for 42 percent of China's total exports of the United States, the European Union and other countries have been plunged into recession brought about by China's exports to the tremendous pressure. 
China's export of textile items, textile production and sales volume and export volume ranks the various import and export products of China's top three, China has become the world's major textile export processing areas, and the textile and garment export rate of 50% ~ 60% . Appreciation of the renminbi, in a sense, means that export prices of Chinese products and declining competitiveness, the study shows that one percent appreciation of yuan each, the textile industry sales will decline 2% -6%. If 5% appreciation of the renminbi -10%, industry 10% decline in profit margins -60%. Among them, cotton, wool textiles and apparel industry fell 3.19 percent profit margin, 2.27%, 6.18%, the apparel industry due to the highest degree of dependence on exports, the greatest damage. Therefore, the appreciation of the renminbi is bound to rely heavily on exports to international markets have a major impact on China's textile industry. Textiles and garments as a trading power, how to deal with the appreciation of the renminbi, has become the focus we have to think about. I think we can consider the following strategy: First, to speed up industrial restructuring, and optimize the structure of export products. Second, the implementation of "going out" strategy, and actively explore diversified market. Third, actively carry out technical R & D and innovation, cultivating its own brand of textile exports. Fourth, the active use of financial derivatives to avoid appreciation of the RMB exchange rate risks.

6. 哪位达人帮助我翻译一下下面的话，关于汇率的，冒号前后的逻辑关系实在看不懂，请不要拿翻译软件翻译，谢

要重播外需减少的冲击：汇率贬值，从而使更多的进口和出口的国内竞争力的国内替代品，从而为外源性的需求下降的补偿。

7. 哪位高手能帮我翻译一下这段关于金融方面的英文?小妹不胜感激!!

Fourth, Renminbi relative purchasing power level and base period choice when because the purchasing had been established, the actual exchange rate is opposite in the base period exchange rate maintenance is invariable. In turn, if the actual exchange rate and the base period exchange rate have the difference, then may obtain the purchasing power appraisal not to be untenable. So long as therefore definite base period level! And thought in base period level the actual exchange rate maintains is collecting in balanced the level, then through the relative price change to the base period nominal exchange rate adjustment, obtains various issue of actual exchange rate. Finally compares each issue of actual exchange rate and the base period actual exchange rate, may judge the actual exchange rate whether also maintains in the balanced exchange rate level. But the key lies in the base period in the choice. Because the relative purchasing thought in the base period absolute purchasing is tenable, therefore the base period reality actual exchange rate is the balanced exchange rate. If selects in the research the base period is different, for example some people take the high bloating year as the base periods, some people take the low bloating year as the base periods, has take the nominal exchange rate big adjustment before as the base period, has depreciates after year take the standard currency as the base period, finally obtains the balanced actual exchange rate difference extremely is big, causes one person to have a judgment exchange rate detuning standard, has like this lost the balanced exchange rate research significance. Similarly when use purchasing computation Renminbi balanced exchange rate, the exchange rate base period choice appears extremely importantly. But these flaws are relative purchasing own flaws. 
Based on relative exchange rate base period choice flaw, also may explain partially why aims at US dollar to underestimate the degree, the relative purchasing and the absolute purchasing underestimated the degree is different. As shown in Table 1, W expressed the relative purchasing, E/S above expressed the absolute purchasing (S/E's reciprocal), its respectively be contrasts this row data 1990 to 1998 data, may see in view of US dollar underestimates the degree, the relative purchasing power and the absolute purchasing power underestimated the degree is different. Part of reasons on in the base period choice, see the following formula: 


After the comparison, one of both differences then was a latter formula many base period exchange rate coefficient. Certainly absolute purchasing itself also has certain factors, like the transportation cost, the fixed price discrimination and so on will also cause these to underestimate the difference the difference, here no longer will give unnecessary detail. 
If in weight relative purchasing time can avoid the base period choice effectively, then it measured the result had certain reliability. Now up to, some many experts entire examines two methods based on the measurement analytic method like unit root examination harmonious cooperation to exchange US dollar exchange rate to the Renminbi to carry on the purchasing examination, finally indicated the Renminbi and US dollar between relative purchasing are tenable. The Renminbi exchange rate change corresponds between China and America the price level change.

8. 蒙代尔的三元悖论或不可能三角英文是什么？

　　三元悖论，也称三难选择，它是由美国经济学家保罗·克鲁格曼就开放经济下的政策选择问题所提出的，其含义是：本国货币政策的独立性，汇率的稳定性，资本的完全流动性不能同时实现，最多只能同时满足两个目标，而放弃另外一个目标。根据蒙代尔的三元悖论，一国的经济目标有三种：1、各国货币政策的独立性；2、汇率的稳定性；3、资本的完全流动性。 这三者，一国只能三选其二，而不可能三者兼得。例如，在1944年至1973年的“布雷顿森林体系”中，各国“货币政策的独立性”和“汇率的稳定性”得到实现，但“资本流动”受到严格限制。而1973年以后，“货币政策独立性”和“资本自由流动”得以实现，但“汇率稳定”不复存在。“永恒的三角形”的妙处，在于它提供了一个一目了然地划分国际经济体系各形态的方法。


　　根据三元悖论，在资本流动，货币政策的有效性和汇率制度三者之间只能进行以下三种选择：

　　(1)保持本国货币政策的独立性和资本的完全流动性，必须牺牲汇率的稳定性，实行浮动汇率制。这是由于在资本完全流动条件下，频繁出入的国内外资金带来了国际收支状况的不稳定，如果本国的货币当局部进行干预，亦即保持货币政策的独立性，那么本币汇率必然会随着资金供求的变化而频繁的波动。利用汇率调节将汇率调整到真实反映经济现实的水平，可以改善进出口收支，影响国际资本流动。虽然汇率调节本身具有缺陷，但实行汇率浮动确实较好的解决了“三难选择”。但对于发生金融危机的国家来说，特别是发展中国家，信心危机的存在会大大削弱汇率调节的作用，甚至起到恶化危机的作用。当汇率调节不能奏效时，为了稳定局势，政府的最后选择是实行资本管制。
　　(2)保持本国货币政策的独立性和汇率稳定，必须牺牲资本的完全流动性，实行资本管制。在金融危机的严重冲击下，在汇率贬值无效的情况下，唯一的选择是实行资本管制，实际上是政府以牺牲资本的完全流动性来维护汇率的稳定性和货币政策的独立性。大多数经济不发达的国家，比如中国，就是实行的这种政策组合。这一方面是由于这些国家需要相对稳定的汇率制度来维护对外经济的稳定，另一方面是由于他们的监管能力较弱，无法对自由流动的资本进行有效的管理。

　　(3)维持资本的完全流动性和汇率的稳定性，必须放弃本国货币政策的独立性。根据蒙代尔-弗莱明模型，资本完全流动时，在固定汇率制度下，本国货币政策的任何变动都将被所引致的资本流动的变化而抵消其效果，本国货币丧失自主性。在这种情况下，本国或者参加货币联盟，或者更为严格地实行货币局制度，基本上很难根据本国经济情况来实施独立的货币政策对经济进行调整，最多是在发生投机冲击时，短期内被动地调整本国利率以维护固定汇率。可见，为实现资本的完全流动与汇率的稳定，本国经济将会付出放弃货币政策的巨大代价。


　　The Mundell-Fleming model is an economic model first set forth by Robert Mundell and Marcus Fleming. The model is an extension of the IS-LM model. Whereas IS-LM deals with economy under autarky, the Mundell-Fleming model tries to describe a small open economy.

　　Typically, the Mundell-Fleming model portrays the relationship between the nominal exchange rate and the economy output (unlike the relationship between interest rate and the output in the IS-LM model) in the short run. The Mundell-Fleming model has been used to argue that an economy cannot simultaneously maintain a fixed exchange rate, free capital movement, and an independent monetary policy. This principle is frequently called "the Unholy Trinity," the "Irreconcilable Trinity," the "Inconsistent trinity" or the Mundell-Fleming "trilemma."

　　Under flexible exchange rate regime

　　We speak of a system of flexible exchange rates when governments (or central banks) allow the exchange rate to be determined by market forces alone.

　　Typically this means governments (or central banks) announce an interest rate target which they are prepared to buy or sell any amount of domestic currency to maintain.

　　[edit] Changes in money supply

　　An increase in money supply will shift the LM curve to the right. This directly reduces the local interest rate and in turn forces the local interest rate lower than the global interest rate. This depreciates the exchange rate of local currency through capital outflow. The depreciation makes local goods cheaper compared to foreign goods and increases export and decreases import. Hence, net export is increased. Increased net export leads to the shifting of the IS curve to the right to the point where the local interest rate will equalize with the global rate. This increases the overall income in the local economy.

　　A decrease in money supply will cause the exact opposite of the process.

　　[edit] Changes in government spending

　　An increase in government expenditure shifts the IS curve to the right. The shift will cause the local interest rate to go above the global rate. The increase in local interest will cause capital inflow and the inflow will make the local currency stronger compared to foreign currencies. Strong exchange rate also makes foreign goods cheaper compared to local goods. This encourages greater import and discourages export and hence, lower net export. As a result, the IS will return to its original location where the local interest rate is equal to the global interest rate. The level of income of the local economy stays the same. The LM curve is not at all affected.

　　A decrease in government expenditure will reverse the process.

　　[edit] Changes in global interest rate

　　An increase in the global interest rate will cause an upward pressure on the local interest rate. The pressure will subside as the local rate closes in on the global rate. When a positive differential between the global and the local rate occurs, holding the LMB curve constant, capital will flow out of the local economy. This depreciates the local currency and helps boost net export. Increasing net export shifts the IS to the right. This shift will continue to the right until the local interest rate becomes as high as the global rate.

　　A decrease in global interest rate will cause the reverse to occur.

　　[edit] Under fixed exchange rate regime

　　We speak of a system of fixed exchange rates when governments (or central banks) announce an exchange rate (the parity rate) at which they are prepared to buy or sell any amount of domestic currency.

　　[edit] Changes in money supply

　　Under the fixed exchange rate system, the local central bank or any monetary authority will only change the money supply in order to maintain a level of exchange rate. If there is a pressure to appreciate the exchange rate, the local authority will increase its foreign reserve by purchasing foreign currencies with the local currency. This will return the exchange rate to its previous level. When there is a depreciation pressure, the authority will purchase its own currency in the market with its foreign reserve to return the currency to its pre-pressure state.

　　A revaluation occurs when there is a permanent increase in exchange rate and hence, decrease in money supply. Devaluation is the exact opposite of revaluation.

　　[edit] Changes in government expenditure

　　Increased government expenditure shifts the IS curve to the right. The shift encourages the interest rate to go up and hence, appreciation of the exchange rate. However, the exchange rate is controlled by the local monetary authority in the framework of a fixed system. In order to maintain the exchange and alleviate the pressure on the exchange rate, the monetary authority will purchase foreign currencies with local currencies until the pressure is gone i.e. back to the original level. Such action shifts the LM curve in tandem with the direction of the IS shift. This action increases the local currency supply in the market and lowers the exchange rate — or rather, return the rate back to its original state. In the end, the exchange rate stays the same but the general income in the economy increases.

　　The reverse is true when government expenditure decreases.

　　[edit] Changes in global interest rate

　　To maintain the fixed exchange rate, the central bank must offset the capital flows (in or out) which are caused by the change of the global interest rate to the domestic rate. The central bank must restore the situation where the real domestic interest rate is equal to the real global interest rate to stop net capital flows from changing the exchange rate.

　　If the global interest rate increases above the domestic rate, capital will flow out to take advantage of this opportunity. This would depreciate the home currency, so the central bank must buy the home currency and sell foreign currency reserves to offset this outflow. This decrease in the money supply shifts the LM curve to the left until the domestic interest rate is the global interest rate.

　　If the global interest rate declines below the domestic rate, the opposite occurs. Money flows in, the home currency would appreciate, so the central bank must offset this by increasing the money supply (sell domestic currency, buy foreign), the LM curve shifts right, and the domestic interest rate becomes the global interest rate.

　　[edit] Differences from IS-LM

　　It is worth noting that some of the result from this model differs from the IS-LM because of the open economy assumption. Result for large open economy on the other hand falls within the result predicted by the IS-LM and the Mundell-Fleming models. The reason for such result is because a large open economy has both the characteristics of an autarky and a small open economy.

　　In the IS-LM, interest rate will be the key component in making both the money market and the good market in equilibrium. Under the Mundell-Fleming framework of small economy, interest rate is fixed and equilibrium in both market can only be achieved by a change of nominal exchange rate.

　　[edit] Example

　　A much simplified version of the Mundell-Fleming model can be illustrated by a small open economy, in which the domestic interest rate is exogenously predetermined by the world interest rate (r=r*).

　　Consider an exogenous increase in government expenditure, the IS curve will shift upward, with LM curve intact, causing the interest rate and the output to rise (partial crowding out effect) under the IS-LM model.

　　Nevertheless, as interest rate is predetermined in a small open economy, the LM* curve (of exchange rate and output) is vertical, which means there is exactly one output that can make the money market in the equilibrium under that interest rate. Even though the IS* curve still shift up, it will result in a higher exchange rate and same level of output (complete crowding out effect, which is different in the IS-LM model).

　　The example above makes an implicit assumption of flexible exchange rate. The Mundell-Fleming model can have completely different implications under different exchange rate regimes. For instance, under a fixed exchange rate system, with perfect capital mobility, monetary policy becomes ineffective. An expansionary monetary policy resulting in an outward shift of the LM curve would in turn make capital flow out of the economy. The central bank under a fixed exchange rate system would have to intervene by selling foreign money in exchange for domestic money to depreciate the foreign currency and appreciate the domestic currency. Selling foreign money and receiving domestic money would reduce real balances in the economy, until the LM curve shifts back to the left, and the interest rates come back to the world rate of interest i*.